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pose challenge to western hegemony. -But all 4 are relatively small - from NK - 22m to 6SPRAJ - 3 m. - All have been targets of ongoing Campaign. Cuba /OPRK since inception sanctions / Trading with Enemy Act. (?) CSPLAJ- Hostility pre-hocherbie [shifting responsibility for Locherbie] Iraq- campaigns pre- Kuwait. Post- Kuwait situ. - This leads to q of sanctions. Cuba: sanction clearly intended to strangle. Iraq: Many promoted sanctions as alternative to war. They were fost preparation /part of war. DYRK Statements. Continuing seen Most clearly in [sanctions (?) against Iraq. [Human toll.]. I pretext offer another. US, UK. in partic. [Again Ct. OPRK Statement] (?) * Is Not war when no medicine for children in country with and biggest oil reserve?

• continued Iraq/DVRK compare shows that Gulf war II was prototype of new type war. Post cold war hot war, not/8th. Dolors- resources wars of C21. - Calling it post-Cold war hot war illustrates that came into being as result of int changes, principally collapse of SU. (was a Counter weight.) Likewise: Bite & toughening - Imp always hostile to these countries, but now moved centre stage. - Again q of pretexts: Before main accusation against 4 was that they were SU surrogates. Were specific Charges but these were part of Kremlin master plan. - fact that they were not western SU surrogates, but rather essentially the product of some

sort of indigenous les process, shown by survival after collapse of SU, & those states that cld be described as in some way dependent. - Eg. K nuke crisis. Real nuke crisis in K is is nohes in SK, introduced in violation of 53 armistice. Before pretext for us presence in SK - nothing to do with investments or own strategic designs - was 2 fold: i) SU threat (4); ii) Invasion by NK. 1ST pretext removed by collapse of SU. weapon Then 92 - N-S Agree. Nukefree penin. Non-agg & co-op. ^Campaign & SK peoples pressure. - Q of Cuban pretexts - even more preposterous. 3: Rel with SU; Rel with Nicarag; Cent Am guerillas. Now: SU doesn't

exist; sandanistas not currently gout; only 1 guerilla insurgency Mexico-Cuba's to bend. in Cent Am - Guatemala. Norway peace balks. Now pretext is human rights. Cuba's unique record in Lat Am. Even now during econ crisis- housing, jobs, schools, health. None on scrapheap. Contrast with Guatemala. Genocide -Native Ams, 54 - Arbenz & United Fruit. Recent us article. Robaina N. farmworkers under armed guard. US weapons! - Another US case - Haiti - Iraq TRS Haiti - us backed Duvalier. Iraq: 7 res in 1 wk. Haiti - string out until Aristide has 1 yr to run. CIA - Denigrate Aristide; instal puppet. - Mrs Thatcher used to say re SA - sanctions don't wk. Strong they've so been on them. - Not often one wants to make

Thatcher's words come true - but we need to work out how to make them not work. Thring -Japes: SA- sanctions would not work. Sanctions prepared to breach SA/ Iraq - Not comparable. No Idea of sanctions to impose den - not seen before Kuwait. Saddam: Palestine linkage. Nob is Israeli presence in occupied Pal. This must be faced up to. ?: siege on Iraq. Middle Ages. Must be seen as different. Even Port of Aqaba searched. Iraq dictatorship. Sanctions - cultural, military, etc - started before Kuwait. Iraq came out mil strong but Econ weak. Disregard gouts when considering

Countries. Must consider effects on people. Newspapers: crackdown on overseas for with nuke potential, Against Saddam for long time → but war not about Kuwait or Saddam, but oil. Andy: key was challenge to Arab feudals & imp. Major I is moulding of western public opinion. Tissue of lies. Moulding to supps fr intervention ? in Rwanda. we won't decide who rule 3w Countries -our job is here. Gaitskill opposed Suez. Sanctions line was aimed at dividing /emasculating Peace Movement. Peggy: Thatcher never asked SA people. They wanted sanctions. Iraq & Kuwait both made by west.

At peace camp & then in Baghdad for I monk after war. Red Cross: Situ worse. Food & Medicine shld never be used as weapons of war. If sanctions used, shld be Closely monitored. Milk powder in Aqaba/Jordan. Sanctions cld have whed. Peace movement not disintegrated. — Francis: Lt at US econ. Global reach. Lee 3w as source of raw materials. Economic imperative of being on treadmill of using vast resources. World Bank -50% + employees are American. 2 wing policy: Econ/military, west prepared to tolerate Iran/Iraq war, but not Iraqi independence Kore threat.

Jim Bozur? Jim: Team west has to be qualified. Splits five countries space aim to Manoeuvre went for ESPLAJ with go arrogance. Cuba: brit Amb at UN. RPF. & Anglophone. lockerbie - Conspiracy to pervert course of justice. Sabah al-Mukhtar. Sata: Uniqueness of Iraqi sanctions. State of siege. food & medicine - fictions- Anaesthetics, needles, not medicine. Additives, preservatives - not food. & Money ?. Sanctions are weapons of mass destruction. 1/2 M killed as result of sanctions. orafe sanctions an issue. Karen Dabrowska Karen: Sanctions & info. Guardian: Iraqis not dying no longer news. Bad things in Libya. Sata: Effects on future generations.

Kunden, 3 Horseferry Rd., SW1 ① 834 3434. 8.30 p.m. wkshop reports R.B. : see notes. Dilip Hiro: SAARC. But concentrated on India. Caste a class run in parallel. Amin Moghel: Nwo: Clinton at UN. Suppt mkt based econ. Peoples Alliances. No 1 econ panacea for all 3 w Countries. Sovereign rights M. Arif : GL brought people out of darkness to light. Today: Capital Mobile & labour immotile. So will go to where labour lowest. So ruling classes will crush TUs, [Karachi -3]

Notes for K.i.B. workshop Report back. - Prob of time. - Intro - sanctions as pretext; Sanctions as prep & part of war; All 4 sides - rev. Sanctions - with Change of int sife. - Unity around present Sancs. Emphasis - Iraq. State of siege. genocide. Present & future generations. for Iraqi people sake & as example to others. - min views. "Sanctions cld have whed." Related to efficacy of peace movement. - & of attitude to regimes. but agreement on effect on peoples.